Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), Adult
A 220-item self-report measure of maladaptive personality traits aligned with the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Each item is rated 0–3 for how well it describes the respondent. Items score 25 lower-order trait facets; specified triplets of facets aggregate into the five broad higher-order domains of Negative Affect, Detachment, Antagonism, Disinhibition, and Psychoticism. The PID-5 is dimensional: higher scores indicate greater trait elevation.
This is a clinical instrument. It is not publicly self-administered; a clinician assigns it through a secure patient link.
You learn your profile across twenty-five personality traits that can make life harder.
For anyone who wants a detailed look at personality patterns that can cause strain.
It comes from psychiatric research on a trait-based model of personality difficulties.
What this test is
Welcome. A 220-item self-report measure of maladaptive personality traits aligned with the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Each item is rated 0–3 for how well it describes the respondent. Items score 25 lower-order trait facets; specified triplets of facets aggregate into the five broad higher-order domains of Negative Affect, Detachment, Antagonism, Disinhibition, and Psychoticism. The PID-5 is dimensional: higher scores indicate greater trait elevation.
The measure
The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), Adult was developed by Krueger and colleagues (2012). It has 220 items, each answered on a 4-point (Very False or Often False … Very True or Often True) scale. Its scores cover 25 separate scales.
Krueger, R. F., Derringer, J., Markon, K. E., Watson, D., & Skodol, A. E. (2012). Initial construction of a maladaptive personality trait model and inventory for DSM-5. Psychological Medicine, 42, 1879–1890.
At a glance
What it measures
Two hundred and twenty statements describe personality traits that, when pronounced, can cause difficulty. They are grouped into five broad domains. Negative Affectivity covers emotional lability, anxiousness, separation insecurity and hostility; Detachment covers withdrawal, intimacy avoidance and anhedonia; Antagonism covers manipulativeness, deceitfulness, grandiosity and callousness; Disinhibition covers irresponsibility, impulsivity and distractibility; and Psychoticism covers unusual beliefs and experiences, eccentricity and perceptual dysregulation. Twenty-five facets in all describe these domains in detail.
Krueger, Derringer, Markon, Watson and Skodol (2012) developed the inventory for the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The model describes personality pathology with dimensional traits rather than categories, and its five domains are broadly maladaptive versions of the five-factor model of normal personality.
Each facet is scored as the average of its statements, and the domains are scored from their principal facets. Higher scores describe a trait that is more pronounced and more likely to cause difficulty; lower scores describe its relative absence. The profile is read as a whole, since a diagnosis under the alternative model also requires an assessment of impairment in self and interpersonal functioning that the inventory does not provide.
The inventory is used in clinical assessment of personality, in research on personality disorders and in treatment planning. On this site, the IPIP-NEO-120 describes normal-range personality, the Isolation, Withdrawal, and Detachment Scale describes a detached pattern in more depth, and the IPIP Dark Triad describes traits related to Antagonism.
Nomological network
The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 measures the five pathological trait domains of the alternative model of personality disorders: Negative Affect, Detachment, Antagonism, Disinhibition and Psychoticism (Krueger et al., 2012). Its domains form a hierarchy that converges with established models of general and abnormal personality (Wright et al., 2012).
Negative Affect, Detachment, Antagonism and Disinhibition align with the maladaptive ends of neuroticism, low extraversion, low agreeableness and low conscientiousness, while Psychoticism is only weakly related to openness to experience, which marks it as the most distinct domain (Gore & Widiger, 2013).
Subscales
Emotional Lability 7 items
Anxiousness 9 items
Separation Insecurity 7 items
Withdrawal 10 items
Anhedonia 8 items
Intimacy Avoidance 6 items
Manipulativeness 5 items
Deceitfulness 10 items
Grandiosity 6 items
Irresponsibility 7 items
Impulsivity 6 items
Distractibility 9 items
Unusual Beliefs & Experiences 8 items
Eccentricity 13 items
Perceptual Dysregulation 12 items
Attention Seeking 8 items
Callousness 14 items
Depressivity 14 items
Hostility 10 items
Perseveration 9 items
Restricted Affectivity 7 items
Rigid Perfectionism 10 items
Risk Taking 14 items
Submissiveness 4 items
Suspiciousness 7 items
Example item
“I don’t get as much pleasure out of things as others seem to.”
Illustrative only. During administration items are presented one screen-set at a time; response-key direction is never shown to respondents.
Scoring & interpretation
Your report explains each of your scale scores in plain language.
References
- Krueger, R. F., Derringer, J., Markon, K. E., Watson, D., & Skodol, A. E. (2012). Initial construction of a maladaptive personality trait model and inventory for DSM-5. Psychological Medicine, 42, 1879–1890.
- Wright, A. G. C., Thomas, K. M., Hopwood, C. J., Markon, K. E., Pincus, A. L., & Krueger, R. F. (2012). The hierarchical structure of DSM-5 pathological personality traits. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121(4), 951–957.
- Gore, W. L., & Widiger, T. A. (2013). The DSM-5 dimensional trait model and five-factor models of general personality. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122(3), 816–821.
Sample report preview
The report opens with a profile of your scores on each of the 25 scales, drawn on a common scale so the highest and lowest areas stand out. Each one then receives a short plain-language explanation of what a higher or lower standing describes. It closes with guidance on reading the results and on the limits of self-report.
| Section | What it shows |
|---|---|
| Subscale scores | Your score on each of the 25 subscales. |
| Comparisons | How your scores compare with a published comparison group. |
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